Learning Objects    
Introduction

What are Learning Objects?

Global Studies Learning Objects

Other Learning Objects

Learning Objects Collections

Organizations

Bibliography

Bibliography

  1. Bibliography - University of Minnesota Digital Media Center,

    1. http://dmc.umn.edu/spotlight/learning-object.shtml#4

  2. Bibliography - University of Minnesota Digital Media Center, "Learning Object Technologies"

    1. http://dmc.umn.edu/spotlight/learning-object.shtml#4

  3. Classic Works
    1. Abbott, A. (1988). The System of Professions: An Essay on the Division of Expert Labor. Chicago, The University of Chicago.

    2. Advanced Distributed Learning Initiative (2002)
      http://www.adlnet.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=srchrslt&subfilterid=1

    3. Agre, P. E. (1997). Toward a Critical Technical Practice: Lessons Learned in Trying to Reform AI. Social Science, Technical Systems, and Cooperative Work: Beyond the Great Divide. G. C. Bowker, S. L. Star, W. Turner and L. Gasser. Mahway, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.

    4. Bannan-Ritland, B., Dabbagh, N. & Murphy, K. (2000).
      http://reusability.org/read/chapters/bannan-ritland.doc

    5. Barron, Tom. (2000) "Standards:  The Vision and the Hype," ASTD Learning Circuits.

    6. Bates, Anthony W. (1999) Managing Technological Change, Jossey-Bass.

    7. Beck, Robert J.  "Object-Oriented Content: Importance, Benefits, and Costs."  EDUCAUSE 2002 Proceedings.
      http://www.educause.edu/asp/doclib/abstract.asp?ID=EDU0297

    8. Bennett, Kathleen, et al.  (2002)
      http://www.educause.edu/asp/doclib/abstract.asp?ID=NLI0201

      http://www.educause.edu/asp/doclib/abstract.asp?ID=NLI0202

    9. Berard, Edward V.  (1998) "Basic Object-Oriented Concepts."
      http://www.toa.com/pub/oobasics/oobasics.htm

    10. Bowker, G. C. (2000). “Biodiversity Datadiversity.” Social Studies of Science 30(5): 643-83.

    11. Bowker, G. C. and S. L. Star (1999). Sorting Things Out: Classification and its Consequences. Cambridge, The MIT Press.

    12. Brint, S. (1994). In an Age of Experts: The Changing Role of Professionals in Politics and Political Life. Princeton, Princeton University Press.

    13. Callon, Michel (1987)  "Society in the Making: The Study of Technology as a Tool for Sociological Analysis." In: W.E.Bijker, T.P.Hughes, and T.J.Pinch (eds) The social construction of technological systems, pp. 83-103. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

    14. Callon, Michel (1991) Techno-economic networks and irreversibility. In: J.Law (ed.) A Sociology of Monsters: Essays on Power, Technology and Domination, pp. 132-161. London and New York: Routledge.

    15. Carnevale,  Dan.  (2001)  "Some Online Educators Turn to Bite-Sized Instruction," Chronicle of Higher Education, May 3, 2001.
      http://chronicle.com/free/2001/05/2001050301u.htm

    16. Chitwood, K., May, C., Bunnow, D., & Langan, T. (2000).  "Battle stories from the field: Wisconsin online resource center learning objects project." In D. A. Wiley (Ed.), The Instructional Use of Learning Objects: Online Version. Retrieved June 7, 2002, from the World Wide Web:
      http://reusability.org/read/chapters/chitwood.doc

    17. Cisco Systems, Inc. (April 2000)  Reusable Learning Object Strategy: Definition, Creation Process, and Guidelines for Building. 
      http://www.reusablelearning.org/Docs/Cisco_rlo_roi_v3-1.pdf

    18. Clark, Ruth Colvin (1998) "Recycling knowledge with learning objects," Training and Development V. 52, 10, p. 60.

    19. Dovey, Michael. (1999) "Meta-Objects - An Object Oriented approach to metadata," Ariadne issue 19, 03/01.
      http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue19/meta-objects/

    20. Forsythe, D. E. (1996). “New Bottles, Old Wine: Hidden Cultural Assumptions in a Computerized Explanation System for Migraine Sufferers.” Medical Anthropology Quarterly 10(4): 551-574.

    21. Friesen, Norm.  (2001) "What are Educational Objects?" Interactive Learning Environments, Vol. 9, No. 3, Dec. 2001.
      http://www.careo.org/documents/objects.html

    22. Gibbons, A. S., Nelson, J. & Richards, R. (2000). "The nature and origin of instructional objects." In D. A. Wiley (Ed.), The Instructional Use of Learning Objects: Online Version. Retrieved June 7, 2002, from the World Wide Web:
      http://reusability.org/read/chapters/gibbons.doc

    23. Hannafin, M. J., Hill, J. R., McCarthy, J. E. (2000). "Designing resource-based learning and performance support systems," in D. A. Wiley, ed., The Instructional Use of Learning Objects: Online Version. Retrieved May 18, 2001, from the World Wide Web: 
      http://reusability.org/read/chapters/hannafin.doc

    24. Hodgins, H. Wayne, "The Future of Learning Objects," in D. A.  Wiley, ed., The Instructional Use of Learning Objects: Online Version. Retrieved June 7, 2002, from the World Wide Web: 
      http://www.reusability.org/read/chapters/hodgins.doc

    25. Hodgins, Wayne with Marcia Conner. (2000) "Everything you ever wanted to know about learning standards but were afraid to ask." Learning in the New Economy Magazine (LiNE Zine), Fall 2000.
      http://www.linezine.com/2.1/features/wheyewtkls.htm

    26. Jamlan, Muain.  (2001) "A critique of Stephen Downes' learning objects: A perspective from Bahrain."  International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, Vol. 2, No.1.
      http://www.irrodl.org/content/v2.1/jamlan.html

    27. Lenski, Wolfgang and Elisabeth Wette-Roch.  "Meta-data for Advanced Structures of Learning Objects in Mathematics."
      http://www.trial-solution.de/Meta.htm

    28. Lin, Fuhua (Oscar).  (2001)  "A critique of Stephen Downes' learning objects: A Chinese perspective."  International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, Vol. 2, No.1.
      http://www.irrodl.org/content/v2.1/lin.html

    29. Martinez, M. (2000).  "Designing Learning Objects to Personalize Learning," in D. A.  Wiley, ed., The Instructional Use of Learning Objects: Online Version. Retrieved from the World Wide Web, May 18, 2000:
      http://reusability.org/read/chapters/wiley.doc

    30. Merkow, Mark S (2002).  "Learning Objects Spark an E-learning Revolution,"  techLEARNING, March 1, 2002.
      http://www.techlearning.com/db_area/archives/WCE/archives/mmerkow.htm

    31. Merrill, M. D. (2000).  "Knowledge objects and mental models." In D. A. Wiley (Ed.), The Instructional Use of Learning Objects: Online Version. Retrieved June 7, 2002, from the World Wide Web:
      http://reusability.org/read/chapters/merrill.doc

    32. Merrill, M. David. (2000)  "Components of Instruction: Toward a Theoretical Tool for Instructional Design." Instructional Science.
      http://www.id2.usu.edu/Papers/Components.PDF

    33. Merrill, M. David.  (1998)  "Knowledge Objects."  CBT Solutions, March/April 1998.
      http://www.id2.usu.edu/Papers/KnowledgeObjects.PDF

    34. Merrill, M. David.  (Undated).  "A Knowledge Object and Mental Model Approach to a Physics Lesson." Educational Technology.
      http://www.id2.usu.edu/Papers/CatesRevision6.PDF

    35. Merrill,  M. David & ID2 Research Team. (1996)."Instructional Transaction Theory: Instructional Design based on Knowledge Objects."  Educational Technology, 36(3), 30-37.
      http://www.id2.usu.edu/Papers/FridgeKO.PDF

    36. Millar, Glenn.  (2002)  "Learning Objects 101:  A Primer for Neophytes."  Sidebars, November 2002, a publication of the Learning Resources Unit of the British Columbia Institute of Technology.  Retrieved May 8, 2003, from the World Wide Web:
      http://online.bcit.ca/sidebars/02november/inside-out-1.htm

    37. Moore, M.G., & Kearsley, G. (1996). Distance Education: A Systems View. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.

    38. Mortimer, Lori. (2002)  "(Learning) Objects of Desire: Promise and Practicality."  ASTD Learning Circuits. (April 2002). 

    39. Mosco, V. and J. Wasko (1988). The Political Economy of Information. Madison, The University of Wisconsin Press.

    40. Mosco, V., Ed. (1996). The Political Economy of Communication. London, Sage Publications.

    41. Nichani, Maish (2001)  "LCMS = LMS + CMS [RLOs] - How Does This Affect the Learner? The Instructional Designer?"  elearningpost May 2, 2001
      http://www.elearningpost.com/elthemes/lcms.asp

    42. Orfali, R, Dan Harkey, Jeri Edwards (1996). The Essential Distributed Objects Survival Guide. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

    43. Orrill, C. H. (2000). "Learning objects to support inquiry-based online learning." In D. A. Wiley (Ed.), The Instructional Use of Learning Objects: Online Version. Retrieved June 7, 2002, from the World Wide Web:
      http://reusability.org/read/chapters/orrill.doc

    44. Polsani, Pithamber R (2003).  "Use and Abuse of Reusable Learning Objects," 3 Journal of Digital Information (2003).
      http://jodi.ecs.soton.ac.uk/Articles/v03/i04/Polsani

    45. Purcell, John (2003).  Capitalizing on the Learning Object Economy:  The Strategic Benefits of Standard Learning Objects
      White Paper, July 16, 2003.  Retrieved from the World wide Web June 3, 2005.
      http://ifets.ieee.org/discussions/discuss_feb2000.html

    46. Quinn, Clark. (2000).  "International Forum of Educational Technology & Society, Formal Discussion Initiation:  Learning Objects and Instruction Components."
      http://ifets.ieee.org/discussions/discuss_feb2000.html

    47. Recker, M. M., Walker, A., & Wiley, D. A. (2000). "Collaboratively filtering learning objects." In D. A. Wiley (Ed.), The Instructional Use of Learning Objects: Online Version. Retrieved June 7, 2002, from the World Wide Web:
      http://reusability.org/read/chapters/recker.doc

    48. Robson, Robby  (2001) "All About Learning Objects." Eduworks.
      http://www.eduworks.com/LOTT/tutorial/learningobjects.html

    49. Roschelle, Jeremy, and James Kaput (1996). "Educational Software Architecture and Systemic Impace: the Promise of Component Software." Journal of Educational Computing Research, 14 (3), 217-228.

    50. Roschelle, et. al. (1998) "Scaleable Integration of Educational Software: Exploring the Promise of Component Architectures." Journal of Interactive Media in Education. 98 (6)
      http://www-jime.open.ac.uk/98/6/

    51. Shank, G. and Cunningham, D. (1996). "Mediated phosphor dots: Toward a Post-Cartesian Model of Computer-mediated Communication via the Semiotic Superhighway." In C. Ess (Ed.), Philosophical Perspectives on Computer-Mediated Communication (pp. 27-41). Albany: State University of New York Press.

    52. Shata, Osama. (2001).  "A critique of Stephen Downes' learning objects: A Middle Eastern Perspective," International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, Vol. 2, No.1.
      http://www.irrodl.org/content/v2.1/shata.html

    53. Shepherd, Clive. (2001) 
      http://www.fastrak-consulting.co.uk/tactix/features/objects/objects.htm
      Seeks to provide "a workable definition of learning objects and to explain how they just might make a difference to real-world training."
    54. Singh, H. (2001). "Introduction to Learning Objects." Paper presented at the July 2001 Washington eLearning Forum.  Retrieved April 10, 2003 from the World Wide Web:
      http://www.elearningforum.com/meetings/2001/july/Singh.pdf

    55. Singh, Harvi. (2000). "Demystifying e-learning standards." eLearning Magazine.

    56. South, J. B. & Monson, D. W. (2000).  "A university-wide system for creating, capturing, and delivering learning objects," in D. A. Wiley, ed., The Instructional Use of Learning Objects: Online Version. Retrieved May 18, 2001 from the World Wide Web: 
      http://reusability.org/read/chapters/south.doc

    57. Star, S. L. (1999). “The Ethnography of Infrastructure.” American Behavioral Scientist 43(3): 377-391.

    58. Thomas, R. J. (1994). What Machines Can't Do. Los Angeles, University of California Press.

    59. Walker, Ed.  (2000) "Ed Walker Talks Standards," Learning Circuits, November.

    60. Wiley, D. A. (2000). "
      http://reusability.org/read/chapters/wiley.doc

    61. Wiley, D.A. (2003)  "Learning Objects: Difficulties and Opportunities."  Retrieved April 10, 2003, from the World Wide Web:  
      http://wiley.ed.usu.edu/docs/lo_do.pdf

    62. Wiley, D.A.  Learning Object Design and Sequencing Theory, June 2000.  Retrieved May 18, 2001, from the World Wide Web:  
      http://wiley.ed.usu.edu/docs/dissertation.pdf

    63. Wiley, D.A., ed.  The Instructional Use of Learning Objects:  Online Version.  Retrieved May 18, 2001, from the World Wide Web: 
      http://www.reusability.org/read/

    64. Williams, D. D. (2000).  "Evaluation of learning objects and instruction using learning objects." In D. A. Wiley (Ed.), The Instructional Use of Learning Objects: Online Version. Retrieved June 7, 2002, from the World Wide Web:
      http://reusability.org/read/chapters/williams.doc

    65. Winner, L. (1999).  "Do artifacts have politics?" In The Social Shaping of Technology. D. Mackenzie and J. Wacjman. Philadelphia, Open University Press.

    66. Woolgar, S. (1991). "Configuring the user: the case of usability trials."  In A Sociology of Monsters: Essays on Power, Technology and Domination. J. Law. London, Routledge.

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Created:  May 17, 2001
Last Updated: November 23, 2010