* Figures represent costs for 1984 projects in Milwaukee County in 1988 dollars. All costs include 15% Engineering and Contingencies.

** Figures from 1984 projects. Cost difference for same material partially due to density of abutting development. Higher densities yield lower costs per abutting unit.

*** Costs for "retrofit" barriers are from 20 to 30 percent greater than "new" barriers due to incidental and miscellaneous quantities, including traffic control; removals; excavation and finishing; drainage, lighting and sign modifications; and access restricting.

- rough grooved - stucco

- applied stone - rough raked

- brick and post - cast cedar siding

- cast barn wood - brick

- grape stakes

Sources: WDOT Project 1161-06-62, USH 51 Columbia--Portage County Line; Prairie Seed Catalog, Prairie Seed Source, North Lake, Wisconsin; Native Wildflowers, Grasses, Plants and Seeds, Prairie Nursery, Westfield, Wisconsin.

Notes:

Multipliers are given using least expensive noise abatement, metal wall alone, as base. Base = 1.0. These estimates are approximate. Actual costs will depend upon the exact nature of the design, site conditions and maintenance concerns.

* Costs for barrier materials based on average unit cost ($/linear foot) from Appendix A.

** Landscape treatment cost based on landscaping along 100 linear feet of barrier and extending 15' into R.O.W. from barrier.

(1) Limited landscaping includes a continuous, single row hedge planted along barrier wall with remainder of landscape area (15' x 100') seeded with wild flower/grass mixture.

(2) Average landscaping includes a multi-row/mass planting of shrubs of various heights and occasional overstory trees (i.e. 3 per 100 linear feet). Remainder of landscape area (10' x 100') seeded with wild flower/grass mixture.

(3) Extensive landscaping includes 3' retaining wall extending partial length of barrier segment (i.e. 40'-50'); multi-row/mass planting of shrubs of various heights and occasional ornamental trees (i.e. 3 per 100 linear feet). Remainder of landscape area (10' x 100') seeded with wild flower/grass mixture.

The following information was derived from the Discover Milwaukee Catalog and the neighborhood poster series, both published by the City Department of City Development. Map 2 references the location of the neighborhoods identified below by the numbers in parenthesis.

Near North Side (Harambee (1) and North Division (2))

This area was initially settled by Germans. Other ethnic groups represented include Polish, Dutch, Jewish, and Black. After WWII the Black population grew steadily, outnumbering the Germans by 1960. Today this area has become one of the most integrated sections of Milwaukee.

* This neighborhood was home to Borchert Field. Built in 1902, Borchert Field functioned as Milwaukee's major sports stadium until the construction of County Stadium in the early 1950's made it obsolete. It was located on 8th and Chambers, directly int he path of the I-43 freeway corridor. In 1952 the site was cleared for freeway construction.

Far Northwest Side (Old Town of Granville)

Until the 1950's Granville was a major center for dairying and truck farming. The area was predominantly German, but many Irish also settled there. Today the area remains a mix of rural farmland, large lot old suburban, and newer, higher density suburban development.

* The interchange at Mill Road and Highway 45 is the site of old West Granville's "downtown".

West Side (The Valley (4); Merrill Park (5); Marquette (6))

The area just west of downtown contains a mix of social classes and ethnicity. Many of the very wealthy families built large homes along Grand Avenue (Wisconsin Avenue) while members of the working class tended to locate directly to the west, toward the Menomonee Valley.

In 1880, Sherburn S. Merrill located his railroad shops in the Menomonee Valley. The railroad industry soon grew to be the largest employer in Milwaukee. Workers came from many ethnic backgrounds, but the Irish clearly dominated the working class Merrill Park neighborhood. In the Valley, sometimes referred to as "Pigsville", livestock farming and slaughterhouses provided much of the local employment. This neighborhood was physically removed from areas on top of the bluff, resulting in the creation of an isolated and independent neighborhood dominated by Germans and Slovaks.

Far West Side (Story Hill (3))

The area west of the Menomonee River began to develop in the late 1920's as access was provided by the Interurban Railway. The area didn't experience rapid development until after WWII when demand for suburban development was very high. As such, this area is characterized as a post-WWII suburb.

Near South Side (Walker's Point (9); Historic South Side (10))

The neighborhood just south of downtown exhibit a small scale, solid urban residential character. This character is reflected in the small scale of the numerous neighborhood businesses, e.g. corner stores, taverns and restaurants. There are few tall buildings and the skyline is distinguished by a profusion of church spires.

Industry became increasingly important in the area after the Civil War. Proximity to Lake Michigan and the Menomonee and Kinnickinnic Rivers gave this area strategic advantages. The Allen-Bradley clock tower remains both a neighborhood and city recognized landmark.

Walker's Point is recognized as Milwaukee's oldest neighborhood. It has always existed as an ethnically mixed neighborhood. Many Polish families initially settled here and are responsible for the construction of many of the prominent churches. A sizeable influx of Mexicans and Puerto Ricans since the 1940's has resulted in Walker's Point becoming the center of Wisconsin's largest Hispanic community.

The Historic South Side is less ethnically mixed than Walker's Point, being predominantly Polish. Likewise, many visually prominent churches were built in this neighborhood, notably St. Josaphat Basilica.

South East Side (Bayview (11) and Tippecanoe (13))

Bayview began as a company town. The Milwaukee Iron Company, and iron and steel rolling mill, was opened by Eber Ward in 1868. Because of the need for skilled metal workers, many were imported from Great Britain. This area developed as the most distinct British community in Milwaukee.

Tippecanoe was settled by farmers. The extension of streetcar service to the area in the 1890's spurred some development. John Saveland, who owned large tracts of land in the area, had planned on developing the area as an upper income suburban residential community. However, his plans never materialized and the area became populated with mostly blue-collar workers. The name Tippecanoe is derived from a Republican party rally call and was chosen by Saveland, an outspoken local Republican.

Far South Side (Morgandale (12))

This area consisted of productive farmland, woodland, and wetlands. Truck farming and greenhouses, many specializing in flowers, became the livelihood for the predominantly German and Polish settlers.

Mitchell Airport was developed on wet and marshy land. Construction began in 1926. Today the area is a mix of old and new suburban development. Much of the area south of College Avenue has remained in low density development, retaining much of its original rural/farm character.

A. Barrier Location

Hwy.

predominant sun exposure: front/back/side

entry/exit ramp

width:

B. Predominant Land Use:

D. Specific Context

1. Neighborhood Character

- old/new; homogeneous/diverse; describe:

- highway elevation: cut/fill/at grade:

- ethnic heritage: