Participants in this three-day course use the instructor's text, "Protective Relaying for Power Generation Systems." The following is discussed.
Generator Normal Operation
Generator Capability
Voltage limitations
System Limitation
Capability variations with voltage
Excitation Systems Overview
Generator Short Circuit Calculations
Short Circuit Characteristics
Generator Magnetic Structures
Generator Constantans
Fault Calculations Methods
Voltage Regulator Effects
Generator Differential Relay
Idea Differential Relay
CT Imposed Limitations
Relay Characteristics
Stabilizing Resistor Application
Frequency Response
Backup Fault Protection
Overcurrent Relay
Voltage Control and Voltage Restraint Relays
Distance Relay
Characteristics and Setting Consideration
Load Limits
Influence of Wye-Delta GSU Transformer
Generator Ground Fault Protection
Grounding Methods and Considerations
Ungrounded
Solidly Grounded
High-Impedance Grounding
Low-Impedance Grounding
Ground Fault Protection
Alarm vs tripping
High Impedance Ground Protection
Low Impedance Ground Protection
100% stator Protection Schemes
Harmonic Schemes
Neutral injection Schemes
Unbalance Current Protection
Negative Sequence Current
Effects of Negative Sequence Current on Generator
Generator Negative Sequence Capability
Sources of Negative Sequence Current
Motoring Protection
Effects of Motoring
Motoring Protection
Sequential Trip Logic
Backup Protection
Field Winding Protection
Field Ground Protection
Hazards and Detection
Field Overcurrent Protection
Full load field current values
Maximum field current from Bridge-Rectifier
Overexcitation
Causes and Damage
Volts/Hertz limits
Protection
Field Monitoring Relay
V/Hz Limiters
V/Hz Relay Application
Settings for Transformer and Generator Protection
Differential Relay Response to Overexcitation
Abnormal Frequency Protection
Effects on Generator
Steam Turbines, Combustion Turbines, Hydro
Effects on Excitation System
Protection and Settings
Primary and Backup Protection
Minimum Excitation Limiter
MEL Application Overview
Generator Leading Var Capability
Coordination with Loss-of-Field
System Stability Limitations
MEL Characteristics
MEL Dynamic Performance
Loss-of-Synchronism Protection
Turbine-Generator Damage
Transient Stability
Out-of-Step Protection Schemes
Classical Swing Impedance Characteristic
Dynamic Swing Representation
Loss-of-Field Protection
Factors Effecting Loss-of-Field Severity
Potential Generator Damage
Protection Schemes
Other causes of LOF Tripping
Synchronizing Protection
Potential damage to Generator and Stepup Transformer
Breaker Considerations
Synchronizing Methods
Sync-Check Relay
Auto Synchronizing
Slow close protection
Accidental Energization Protection
Generator State at Energization
Inadvertent Energization at Standstill
Dynamic Analysis
Breaker Flashover
Generator and Turbine Damage
Protection provided by other schemes
Dedicated Energization Protection Schemes
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