The American Psychological Association (Division 47) defines sport and exercise psychology as the scientific study of the psychological factors associated with participation and performance in sport, exercise, and other types of physical activity. Specifically, sport and exercise psychology examines:

• How psychological characteristics are related to participation and performance in sport or exercise activities.
• How participation and performance in sport or exercise is related to psychological characteristics and psychological well-being

Research in sport and exercise psychology is informed by principals from the disciplines of psychology and kinesiology. Researchers utilize theories from these disciplines to augment scientific knowledge and to facilitate the experience and performance of individuals and groups in sport and exercise domains.

Applied sport psychology involves both individual and group consulting in an effort to teach athletes the mental skills necessary to perform consistently in training and competition. Some sport psychology professionals may also utilize sport and exercise experiences to enhance the psychological well-being and interpersonal skills of individuals from a variety of populations.